You can load Metalua or Yueliang (lua compilers in lua) as precompiled Lua applications, both provide Lua->bytecode compilation implemented in Lua. I don't remember for Yueliang, but Metalua currently only produces bytecode in the default format (Lua
5.1, 32 bits little endian platforms, numbers represented as doubles). That's most likely what Kahlua expects but I haven't checked. If it doesn't suit you, adaptation isn't difficult.
A more real issue is that kahlua seems to miss some APIs. From
http://code.google.com/p/kahlua/wiki/lua_api, the missing APIs that might be an issue are:
string.find
string.format
string.gmatch
string.gsub
string.match
table.concat
You'll probably need to reimplement these in Lua (Kahlua people would certainly be grateful), or hack the compiler to remove the dependencies. For Metalua, the heaviest part would be the lexer.