I am sorry in advance if my question seems stupid ;-) but I just
would
like to better understand the best way to proceed in order to try to
solve a problem.
Perhaps you could tell us what problem you're trying to solve.
Lua is a language and a very fast virtual machine... I would like to
try to reuse the efficient virtual machine built-into lua but using a
very different syntax (and not the lua language).
You can replace the parsing modules (llex.c, lparser.c, lcode.c) but
you'll need to understand how they work. If you want to use different
tokens but the same abstract syntax, then you can replace llex.c,
which is not hard to do (and you can probably reuse many bits in
llex.c).
If you don't want to fiddle with the internals of Lua, try metalua and
luasub for instance.